rajatarangini was translated into persian by
How much stuff can you bring on deployment? Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. epic poem Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Murdered by Radda. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? The Loharas ruled for many generations. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. Rajatarangini/Original languages In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajatarangini. View Answer Request Permissions. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? We have migrated to a new commenting platform. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Her son was Chippatajayapida. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. Verse 7. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. He stopped the killing of cows by means . It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. After his death, the queen committed. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. An unpopular king, he was killed. Zianu-l Abidin of Kashmir deputed the famous Sanskrit scholar Jonaraja and Srivara for the completion of Rajatarangini to bring the history of Kashmir up-to-date. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. Corrections? Verse 11. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. The Journal of Asian Studies Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. elsewhere. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Translation of " " into Persian . There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Translations. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. Rajatarangini . A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Arthashastra , one of the first in the history of Malayalam literature. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Verse 12. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. [citation needed]. [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. Check ' ' translations into Persian. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Answer. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. Abstract. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. Hence the correct answer is Option B. Gave lands to Brahmins. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Nothing is known about his origin. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. . The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Kalhana was a poet. translator of the Rajataragini. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. View all Google Scholar citations Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. Verse 7. [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. for this article. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. Verse 14. No examples found, consider adding one please. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. After that, the English translation. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'.