why does holden write the composition for stradlater

This essay was written by a fellow student. Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. Accessed 4 Mar. Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. The conclusion was that the main reasons behind his retirement from the public world refer to his great disappointment with the disturbing elements brought along by success and his desire to find a peaceful existence, most likely as a result of the Second World War experiences and, later on, of the strong influences of Zen philosophy. In his definition of translation equivalence, Popovic distinguished four types: Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level. Lexical peculiarities - are the techniques, methods, elements used by the author that are characteristic for the Modernist Period; Translation difficulties are the problem that appear during the process of translation from the cause that the author uses different meaning of the words and some types of translation difficulties that are specific for such process. . It is an implicit comparison of two unlike objects. As far as idioms and phraseological units are concerned in translation, the first difficulty that a translator comes across is being able to recognize that s/he is dealing with an idiomatic expression. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. American Literature books summary. Holden's definition of phoniness relies mostly on a kind of self-deception: he seems to reserve the most scorn for people who think that they are something they are not or who refuses to acknowledge their own weaknesses. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. Holden then tears up the composition in anger, and they get into a fight. Intralinguistic translation, or rewording means interpreting verbal signs through other signs of the same language. It could even state that Holdens personality is more important than the story he is going to tell us. And sometimes some mistakes (losses), as well as some gains, are more visible by comparing two or more translations of the same ST. Ionescus translation may have been considered too far-fetched and direct, but this can be explained as the translators desire to make the main character more authentic and closer to the typical Romanian teenager. Afterwards, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater." He later gets into a fight with Stradlater over a crush . The author used a lot of comparison in his work because through this stylistic devices J. D. Salinger introduce to the reader a lot of details of his characters and about his work. The reader is intrigued by the dramatic aspect of the quarrel with Stradlater and hardly realizes that he is being cunningly conditioned to believe that Holden is capable of writing "The Catcher in the Rye," a book full of subtle observations about people and about life in general. Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language the source- and in the other language-the target. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. Holden seems to feel increasing pressure as he moves toward leaving school, and Salinger manipulates the details of Holdens physical environment to match his protagonists feelings. First of all we should account for the techniques or the main pont of an analyse such as translation dificulties and lexical peculiarities that are used during the Modern Age for pointing out the most esential meaning of the writings that were written during the period. The following problem which demands careful consideration in lexical transformations of translation is problem of word combinability. Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. The quote also shows his viepoint on all adults. Already a member? The conclusion is that there have been some similarities between Salingers private life and some of the events in his works, but not enough to entitle anyone to think that his fiction is autobiographical. Thats all id do all day. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Holden watches from the hill because he doesn't want to go down and see the students. However, Holden Caulfield and Asher. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. Salinger uses symbolism in his works also to foreshadow a better life. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . When he actually gets to the museum, he decides not to go in; that would require disturbing his fragile imaginative construction by making it encounter the real world. The best one in it was The Secret Goldfish. Another example was Salingers use of imitation of spoken English in written. i have to pick 2 points on Allie's baseball mitt that reflects on isolation. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Holden does not understand why Allie who was much smarter than him died. Who is Holden talking to? Anything descriptive. Another interjection that was used by the writer is Hell, no! (J. D. Salinger:45)that was used in order to point out to the reader Holdens surprise and for showing that Holden was a boy that used in his vocabulary not well words for a boy who was a junior in the school. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester. Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. This novel revolutionised the society of the Fifties; as well as the style of J.D. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. We see his silent contempt for adults, which are evidenced by the silent ridiculing and cursing of Spencer that Holden hides beneath his nodding, compliant veneer. I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. The object of this research paper can be considered as one that gives the detailed review of the translation difficulties. Or a house Just make it descriptive as hell.". If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it's a game, all rightI'll admit that. This research paper consist of two chapters. Salinger portrays all of society to be bad, and for many character's isolation from society is the only way to achieve happiness. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. The characters in J.D. Not only poets and writers, but also journalists frequently create unexpected word combination that makes their statements significantly vivid and original. There are certain elements in every language which make reference to something else within the text or context of situation for their interpretation. Colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. So they gave up looking.. He ran a tired hand through his hair.The word tired logically is linked with he, syntactically with hand. They used to live near each other and hung out over the summer, Holden really liked her. An important stylistic device that was used by the author in his writing is epithet. The Catcher in the Rye and J. D. Salinger were very popular among young people because his rich and fresh vocabulary, full of slangs, connected with the teenagers; in the Fifties, there were a lot of articles about The Catcher Cult. It first appears in Chapter 16, when a kid Holden admires for walking in the street rather than on the sidewalk is singing the Robert Burns song Comin' Thro' the Rye. In Chapter 22, when Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life, he replies with his image, from the song, of a catcher in the rye. Holden imagines a field of rye perched high on a cliff, full of children romping and playing. It should be mention that this research work represents a great theoretical value for those willing to take up their future carrier in the field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways of translation of literary masterpieces. Rev. ?>. Why did Holden do what he did to his composition? When comparing the grammatical categories and forms of English and other languages are identify the following differences: Absence of conforming form, partial correspondence, differences in character and use urge translators to make necessary grammatical transformations while translating some piece. First, they dont contain all phraseologisms, then because every day new ones are formed, and lastly because dictionaries have a limited length and cannot contain all. Joe has made an argument that the cat has fleas. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. When rendering stylistic meaning of the source text a translator should be guided by the same principle to recreate in translation the same impression that might be left by the original text. The well-known representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway with his writings The Sun Also Rise and A Farewell to Arms.. Subscribe now. "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place." The most important revelation in these chapters comes about when Holden writes the composition for Stradlater, divulging that his brother Allie died of leukemia several years before. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. To this I can also add the already discussed idea that even native speakers can get more meanings from a ST and its translation than by simply reading the ST in original. There are different kinds of difficulties that appear during the process of translation and one of the main is lexical difficulties which is one of the main .Lexical difficulties in translation deals especially with the word meaning. Salinger has the power to disconnect between his adorated teenagers and phony adults: he magnifies childrens intelligence; so we can say that the kind of language used in this novel is not monotonous. Allie died of leukemia in 1946 when the family was in Maine.". A text has some features which make the texture of a text. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. During a great period of searching it was identified three types of translation difficulty: In his article `On Linguistic Aspects of Translation', Jacobson distinguished three types of translation: But Dagut's distinction between `translation' and `reproduction', like Catford's distinction between `literal' and `free' translation does not take into account the view that sees translation as semiotic change. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". Romanian translation used either obsolete or dialectal / regional words and expressions (or both) through out the novel and this can point out an obvious difference of language use between generations. I have also tried to briefly present the reception of the novel, the translations and solutions offered to the problems raised by Salingers use of colloquial language in other countries. The ability to distinguish senses by collocation is an invaluable asset to a translator working from a foreign language. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. The Catcher In The Rye Essay Throughout the book, The Catcher In the Rye, the theme that I saw reoccurring in the novel was the painfulness of growing up. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. In this case, a translator who is not familiar with the idiom in question may easily accept the literal interpretation and miss the play on idiom. . In the end can be concluded that the main Lexical translation problems are: Practically, stylistic devices in almost all languages are similar still though their functions in speech vary. The third reason presenting lexical difficulties in translation the difference in combinability. A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. 2, August 1951, 82. Loneliness supposes a change in life for too many characters. Lexical cohesion is a relation that exists between or among specific elements of different sentences in a text and is achieved through the vocabulary. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. Holden decides to write about his dead brother's baseball glove because he is deeply depressed about his death and has not come to terms with his grief over the loss of his brother. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. 125, No. Enjoy eNotes ad-free and cancel anytime. Its a symbol of uniqueness and individuality as well. . The only instances that create problems for the translator are the stable, recurrent lexical idioms that for their metaphorical meaning do not rely only on the readers logic at the moment of reading but also, and above all, on the value that such a metaphor has assumed in the history of the language under discussion. In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's. . In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home too much of his subsequent work. What happens to Holden after his date with Sally Hayes and his meeting with Carl Luce both end badly? Salinger. There is another kind of stylistic transformation actualization which involves transition of something simple into something unusual, strange. Idiom more than any other feature of language demands that the translator be not only accurate but highly sensitive to the rhetorical nuances of the language. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. Throughout the novel, Holden seems to be excluded from and victimized by the world around him. Holden believes that every adult is phony and his goal to keep everyone from growing up and becoming phony. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all(Salinger 98). One language may express a given meaning by means of a single word, another may express it by means of a transparent fixed expression, a third may express it by means of an idiom, and so on. Holden also has a tendency to use the undefined second-person pronoun, "you." A peculiar group of words demanding transformation in translation are the words that possess different volume of meaning in two languages. The mitt reminds holden of his brother and is the only thing he can be descriptive about so it is what holden writes Stradlater's report on it. Salinger is not only a deeply national, original writer but also a modern writer. These elements, in English are: personals, demonstratives, and comparatives. Every language worked out its own clichs and some set expressions used by speakers, nevertheless those word expressions are not phraseological units but they possess complete form, which, in comparison with the phraseological units, are never broken by adding some introductory words or substitution of some of its elements. Modernists shared a common purpose. Holden's curiosity about where the ducks go during the winter reveals a genuine, more youthful side to his character. Copyright 2023 Literary Devices. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. This author achieved his fame through his especial style of writing that was pointed out in J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. In this case it can go unnoticed in everyday conversation, like she attacked my views. The combination of the first two types of are clear pointed out to the reader in the beginning where the author used indirect speech for giving clear details about the main character and also this type is used through whole novel for giving more detail where it is necessary, the direct speech is used by the author in order to show to the reader the way of talking of the characters of the novel. similarities between behaviorism and social cognitive theory; . This brief passage occurs in Chapter 3, after Holden has returned to his dorm room and is being pestered by Ackley. Each language can form uncountable number new word combinations that will be understood by its bearers. They played checkers and became good friends. The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. Idioms is a phrase whose meaning is difficult or sometimes impossible to guess by looking at the meaning of the individual words it contains. Learn which of the following circumstances usually comes before a period of economic contraction? Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work .Salinger identified closely with his characters, and used techniques such as interior monologue, letters, and extended telephone calls to display his gift for dialogue. All Rights Reserved. He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need He leaves abruptly, as though trying to escape the torment of his environment. When Holden finally snaps and attacks his roommate, Stradlater easily overpowers him, and when he tries to seek refuge in Ackleys room, Ackley is so unpleasant that Holden cannot relax. The second problem consists in the identification of phraseologisms under a given entry: "to be between hammer and anvil" can be found under the words "between", or "anvil", or "hammer", or "be", but certainly if it is present under one entry it is absent in all the other entries, otherwise the dictionary would be too redundant. This study on lexical pecularities and translation difficulties in a literary work are addressed to everybody but especially to pupils and students, also and the practical value of this research is that these features of an analyses is better understood and used by students and by everybody who is interested in, it facilitate the possibility of using and practice it day by day in the research and make it more expressive and colorful. After the excursion, Mal goes off to look for a bridge game, and Ackley sits on Holdens bed squeezing pimples and concocting stories about a girl he claims to have had sex with the summer before. The whole arrangements designed for men who, at some time or other in their lives, were looking for something their own environment couldn't supply them with. He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instancesfor example, when he talks about sex and admits that [s]ex is something I just don't understand. Dont have an account? The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? Explanations are often used within arguments and presented so as to serveas arguments. Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. The interaction of different types of lexical meaning: J. D. Salingers The Cather in the Ray is full of stylistic device that made authors style more clear and sometimes more interesting. In The Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering. Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. The topic of the composition is to describe a room or a house; however, describing something meaningful only leads to . Arguments and explanations largely resemble each other inrhetoricaluse. So it is the central. Their meaning cannot be deduced from their components or any arrangement thereof, and must be learned as a whole. He is a nonconformist. Sometimes in translation, the translator will face some problems related to the equivalences of source and target languages. If you do, you start missing everybody"? for a customized plan. If you do, you start missing everybody"? Romanian version imitates indeed the way teenagers speak nowadays and uses more colorful equivalents and expressions than the first version. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. Besides, Im not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. (one code per order). It is therefore unrealistic to expect to find equivalent idioms and expressions in the target language as a matter of course.[17:p45]. (Chapter 16, page 121) Holden also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. "Anything. He is best known for his book, Catcher in the Rye, a book about a seventeen-year-old teenager, struggling through his teenager years, falling into a depression and trying to understand the real world. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1988. Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. In conclusion, there are countless symbols in The Catcher in the Rye. Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. For the first time, I can see a definite connection between the main character in the story and the author. The first point that would be discussed in this thesis is Lexical peculiarities which are one of the main characteristic of the defining the main features of the text. He rebels against such society and system because he is unfit for it and he is unable to achieve things from this type of social system. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. J. D. Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye Background. He feels guilty that he, who lives because he is not sick like Allie was, is inferior and stupid. The Catcher in the Rye. The Catcher in the Rye is a work written by J. D. Salinger that from different points of view combine some types of translation difficulties. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. http://www.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us/catcher.html; http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html. 125, No. At this work, Salinger uses the technique of the interior monologue; this procedure reinforces the little stream of consciousness of Holden (we can appreciate his way of thinking). Since The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1940s, many of the slangy expressions in it are probably nowadays considered old fashioned and not used anymore. The author wanted to show that with a kind of symbols, like religion or loneliness, life can be happy: a better life is possible. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. Why? The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in, a world where everything is simple, understandable, and indefinite. The Atlantic Bookshelf, Vol. The word kid is one of the numerous words which is used in the context with all his meanings such as Ackley kid? Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date,Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. Essay. The main representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway, Sherwood Anderson, F. Scott Fitzgerald and the writer whose work would be treated in this thesis is J. D. Salinger with his well-known novel The Catcher in the Rye.. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? International words are words that are used in a wide range of languages in one or several forms. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text.

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