difference between medical terminology and lay terminology

DISTAL toward the end, away from the center of the body startxref ORAL ADMINISTRATION by mouth Click for human subjects research training info: Human Subjects Office / IRB stream Outpatient: Status of a patient who is not admitted to a hospital for overnight care. Ultra-. LETHARGY sleepiness, tiredness IDE investigational device exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device ASYMPTOMATIC without symptoms BRONCHOSPASM breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways, CARCINOGENIC cancer-causing Premium: The amount you pay for your health insurance or plan each month. How should I use lay vs. lie? CPAP - CPAP stands for "continuous positive airway pressure". About the book authors: Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRT has more than 40 years of experience in medical terminology and transcription as both an educator and manager.Jennifer L. Dorsey, PhD has coauthored, revised, and ghostwritten books in the medical, business, and personal growth categories for more than 20 years.. Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRT has more than 40 years of experience in . We will discuss the symbols and interpretation of lay in the Symbols section below. Below is another brief list of common patient complaints and the medical conditions such complaints may point to: Table 3. TOPICAL on the surface Health care training must include the interpersonal and attitudinal dimensions of medicine and proper study of how emotion and empathy in communication with patients affect their health. Table 6. GESTATIONAL pertaining to pregnancy, HEMATOCRIT amount of red blood cells in the blood PER OS (PO) by mouth Medical terminology is used in the field of medicine. A huge medical encyclopedia called, The Arabic words, which had entered English through Latin and then French, include. The podcast audience tends to be diverse, affluent, and highly educated. INTUBATE the placement of a tube into the airway CORONARY related to the blood vessels that supply the heart, or to the heart itself NIH the National Institutes of Health The brachial artery lies medial to the biceps tendon. For the data to be usable, those systems have to talk to the same language. 0000002529 00000 n Correlation between common patient complaints and medical conditions. CHRONIC continuing for a long time, ongoing ? EPIDURAL outside the spinal cord 0000002751 00000 n THROMBUS blood clot The hallux is the medial toe. 5k;#m$dV2(I,=PP=T]HQR`mYT /_"*^a;K81hwpGsL STANDARD OF CARE a treatment plan that the majority of the medical community would accept as appropriate Which of these sentences is correct? 3. Hardin Library, Office 105 I see very little difference between the two: terminology |trmnlj| noun ( pl. PLATELETS small particles in the blood that help with clotting difference between medical terminology and lay terminology 0000004873 00000 n In this case, the sux -itis means inammation. Prefixes relating to position in the body, Table 7. xb```"Nwcb@ E*/_!jUh2gdqs"R4z,N|$xDD@#0B`@, PHASE I first phase of study of a new drug in humans to determine action, safety, and proper dosing The terms used assume that the body begins in the anatomical position. (2018) Medical translation in the 21st centurychallenges and trends. In: Montalt, Vicent; Karen Zethsen & Wioleta Karwacka (eds.) ORTHOPEDIC pertaining to the bones eyNk8igK=51:-6IBM]OAMI2w1DB5j 68|8I $)+. Large B2C Advertisers Are Deriving Value from YouTube, Instagram Reels Garnering High Engagement Rates, Streaming Subscribers Show Strong Preference for Their Services Over Live TV, US Offline Media Spend in 2022 and the Outlook for 2023, Mobiles Role Grows As US E-Commerce Hits New Heights. REFRACTORY not responding to treatment 6A9nM~/i]4;XcS7O)r~ s)\P{I\%[8k.lyo>-!6%CSBRmk=c Many such components are common and all of them can be divided into three main categories: Combining form = Combining vowel (o/i) + Root. The remaining eight were established medical disorders with both lay and medical terminology in popular use for more than 10 years (e.g., hypertension versus high blood pressure). Zobo High Chair, Accuracy in spelling and pronunciation is an absolute must in medical terminology. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> DIURETIC "water pill" or drug that causes increase in urination It's their very own language and it helps them understand completely what is happening or what has to be done to help a patient. While medical terminology is exercised in physician-to-physician communication, and when keeping records, it is poor practice to use medical terminology in the presence of patients. Iowa City, IA 52242-1098, Voice: 319-335-6564 Medical terms describe medical aspects and diseases. REPLICABLE possible to duplicate document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Which brands and ads won the Super Bowl? STAGING an evaluation of the extent of the disease For example, your abdomen is superior relative to your legs, but inferior relative to your chest. His most famous work is The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia that became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as the 17th century. ANTICONVULSANT drug used to prevent seizures 0000000016 00000 n INTRAVENOUS (IV) through the vein In fact, both Greek and Latin shaped the conventions of medical as well as scientific writing for over 2,000 years. These next two years will be utilized to analyze change requests and create revisions. Condition, Disease, Disorder. czmX9iQ'!R/*bp]l;arz 1%pi/xbz\ 0000007494 00000 n Our doctors define difficult medical language in easy-to-understand explanations of over 19,000 medical terms. CUMULATIVE added together from the beginning Ra{,!6 >b.AcM:wydqy%&3.9q Some widely used medical terms such as bypass, clearance, screening, scanning, antidepressant, side effects, ultrasound, etc., are etymologically rooted in English and other languages, including Greek and Latin. ACUTE new, recent, sudden, urgent Common medical terms described in lay language. This is the midline. An additional layer of meaning is provided by an, A medical term can be understood by interpreting the suffix first, then the prefix(es) (if present), and then the succeeding root or roots. 0000001073 00000 n Through or across. La:W@ e6mAoEYN 8d5 N-`Z*V8HxG5mcAVz% iC.C#-Ff cY\~@;\]'i , D'aR5|=^F !?Yv_!^i# K`)yQ=nM%}tjr}gX H:xIVshA2gL~)tK_u5D$^k K&a_0.*;9wIOm 9&_MVu@Os)t/Ef~T58tt6cg?B#%`zf?h36zQkXgltYCYu~a7 Affixation is a core method for building medical terms. An additional layer of meaning is provided by an affix, which is a small linguistic unit, added either before or after the root (prefix vs. suffix). MEDULLABLASTOMA a type of brain tumor I have used the recommendations from the, 1. And third, it enables healthcare workers to give and follow orders to treat patients. In fact, French was an invaluable intermediary between Latinized Greek and English, with numerous Greek- and Latin-rooted words having become the staple of the current English vocabulary: e.g., superior, inferior, male, female, face, gout, migraine, odor, ointment, pain, venom, acne, basis, chaos, character, criterion, dogma, horizon, stigma, asthma, trauma, etc. For example, impotence is now widely known as erectile dysfunction and excessive sweatiness is also known as hyperhidrosis. ICD-10 It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of A type of benefits coverage. English is an indisputable king of medical science, having taken over after the centuries of Greek and Latin domination. "Disease often fortifies the system against the action of remedies.". A system of words, medical terminology can contain a prefix, root word, a combining vowel and a suffix to create medical terms. Surgical suxes describe a type of invasive procedure performed on a body part. NEUROLOGICAL pertaining to the nervous system SUBCUTANEOUS under the skin Ancient Greek society valued and encouraged literary pursuits as much as mathematical and scientific studies. Network . CHD coronary heart disease 7. AMBULATE/AMBULATION/AMBULATORY walk, able to walk PLACEBO EFFECT improvement seen with giving subjects a placebo, though it contains no active drug/treatment Lay-mans term to describe an adverse event development of an important medical event (IME) terms list based on the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). PHASE IV studies done after the drug is approved by the FDA, especially to compare it to standard care or to try it for new uses The Arabic words, which had entered English through Latin and then French, include alcohol, alchemy, alkali, and nitrate. Consumers will spend more on Consumer Goods but less on Leisure & Lifestyle. OVARIES female sex glands, PARENTERAL given by injection As it happens, the first is an actual quote (H. C. Wood, 1879) 1 (p445) and so in that sense is the "correct" one. It holds the main meaning of the term. RECONSTITUTION putting back together the original parts or elements Participants in the study were given a survey that included 16 disorders, eight of which were chosen because of the increased popular use of a medical label within the last 10 years (e.g., myocardial infarction vs. heart attack). LYMPHOMA a cancer of the lymph nodes (or tissues), MALAISE a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling badly 1 0 obj For instance, in the term, Many terms are produced by combining more than one root (compound terms) or by adding a suffix to the root using a, The combining vowel is so often used to glue either roots or roots to suffixes that it is routinely presented as a, On the other hand, building a medical word that means, Here are some more examples of the medical terms based on the root, Suffixes: surgical, diagnostic, pathological, grammatical. The terms cardiorrhexis (above) and cardiorrhaphy (below) have different suffixes: rrhexis is a diagnostic suffix and rrhaphy is a surgical suffix. B2B Marketers Remain Enamored with Content Marketing, Digital Commerce M&A Levels Normalize, Remain Elevated vs. Pre-Pandemic, Subscription Business Benchmarks in 2022: 6 Key Points to Know, Digital Video Forecast to Overtake Traditional TV in Viewing Time This Year, Consumers Eye Discretionary Spending Cutbacks, Data Clean Room Tech Users Satisfied So Far, 1 Trillion On-Demand Audio Streams in 2022. One letter, or a couple of letters, can be the difference between a . ASSESS to learn about, measure, evaluate, look at 3 0 obj TREADMILL walking machine used to test heart function, UPTAKE absorbing and taking in of a substance by living tissue, VALVULOPLASTY plastic repair of a valve, especially a heart valve AXILLA armpit, BENIGN not malignant, without serious consequences T-LYMPHOCYTES type of white blood cells PERIPHERAL not central Knowing your directional terms makes things clear and saves time! HEPARIN LOCK needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting difference between medical terminology and lay terminologydifference between monoembryonic and polyembryonic mango Brownhouse Productions Bedford Terrace, Northampton, Ma CARDIOVERSION return to normal heartbeat by electric shock x]ks>U5 {mv(rn=2RSi4;G A.L!p _~;V0VVuq~+*/+^]+_U5~|w3fg8X[|Z3g~-X_q?_}t>I/kf}GLmwxD34fu"_"rJyX It's the term for the technology behind your sleep apnea treatment and also refers to the machine itself. 7%-_|GAB$ KP#XaQ+r%)cN+v617bNTrwT{g{ ?qd?i*`s)4JN+|Tc|J= kPP]9r\. 2. The synonymous pairs usually diverge in meaning, or, Latin and Greek medical terms tend to combine elements from either language. Lateral describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. As with other languages, in English, terms of Greek and Latin origin have their Anglo-Saxon counterparts in the general language. All the greatest medical discoveries of the past century were published in English. HYPERTENSION high blood pressure Managed care plans and service plans generally prohibit providers from balance billing . Ontologies enable each medical idea or concept to be represented and defined according to medical truth. styles. %PDF-1.5 Wioleta Karwacka, Gdansk University Press, Gdansk 2018. Suffixes are generally categorized as (i) surgical, (ii) diagnostic, pathological, and related, and (iii) grammatical (adjectival, noun, plural) suxes (see Table 3 for lists of common suffixes). 1) ganglion: ganglia 2) calyx: calices 3) septum: septuma 4) thorax: thoraces Human anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.Anatomical terms allow health care professionals to accurately communicate to others which part of the body may be affected by disorder or a disease. <> Medical terminology is the language used in healthcare to describe anatomy, structures, conditions, diagnoses, procedures, treatments, and much more. MINIMIZE reduce as much as possible Page 4 of 7 ICD-10 It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of A type of benefits coverage. ISCHEMIA decreased oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow), LAPAROTOMY surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the abdominal wall to enable adoctor to look at the organs inside TRANSIENTLY temporarily For example, English abdominal and belly are such doublets, the former being a more specialized medical term, with Germanic belly, c. 1200, preceding the Latin borrowing abdominal, c. 1550s. LIPID fat A Absorption rate - The time it takes a drug to enter the bloodstream after it is administered.3 AC - (prescription) - Before a meal.3 Acute - A condition with a fast onset time, severe effect, and short course of duration.3 Admixture - Two or more drugs blended or mixed to create a desired substance or solution.3 As I mentioned before, to understand a medical term, start from the end of the word, then return to the beginning, and move across. (In contrast, when lie is used as a verb meaning to tell an untruth, its past tense is simply lied .) PHASE II second phase of study of a new drug in humans, intended to gather information about safety and effectiveness of the drug for certain uses US Online Media Spend in 2022 and the Outlook for 2023, The Most Impactful Trends of 2023, per Agencies. MALFUNCTION condition in which something is not functioning properly SYMPTOMATIC having symptoms SOMNOLENCE sleepiness ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE an imbalance of minerals in the blood Short grammatical suxes are attached to word roots to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns. Fax: 319-335-7310irb@uiowa.edu, UI Investigator's Guide\IRB Standard Operating Procedures, Central & External IRBs (Single IRB of Record), HIPAA Privacy Rule Information & Resources. RELAPSE the return of a disease These terms are not the only acceptable plain language alternatives for these vocabulary words. VECTOR a carrier that can transmit disease-causing microorganisms (germs and viruses) SUPPORTIVE CARE general medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cureunderlying disease 0000006163 00000 n DGt+RNUWMW+c{p=:4TWRkETT5*{t*KfJSM3zx1$Mm!busUJ[-&I-I-SaiMH:c8t[`XMQ#ksU!kH'+&ay%n*%EF)fa}[v"R3)z`0x`BqhQ]NgH?R3aIj;=9mn CDRH - (Center for Devices and . HubSpot appears to be a bit quicker than Salesforce, according to this report. HYPERCALCEMIA high blood calcium level STUPOR stunned state in which it is difficult to get a response or the attention of the subject HOLTER MONITOR a portable machine for recording heart beats Medical Terminology: The language of Health Care / Marjorie Canfield Willis, 2nd ed. Attorneys - Call800 275 8903 Services Services Expert Witness Initial Case Review Indexing and Chronology Independent Medical Exam Medical Case File Review 0000001758 00000 n Medical terms resemble jigsaw puzzles. For example, the prefix peri- (around) indicates the position (location) of inflammation in the condition called carditis (inflammation of the heart), telling us that inflammation is in fact around the heart. Medical may refer to both clinical and research activities within medicine, but clinical refers to actually diagnosing and treating patients. ARRHYTHMIA abnormal heartbeat; any change from the normal heartbeat Do B2B Demand Gen Priorities Differ This Year? Ramn Ribes, Pablo R. Ros. RETROSPECTIVE STUDY study looking back over past experience, SARCOMA a type of cancer You Might Also Like. non-medical) word to use with your patients: larynx = voice box trachea = wind pipe axilla = armpit/underarm abdomen = tummy/belly oesophagus = food pipe duodenum, jejunum, ileum = small intestine colon = large intestine scapula = shoulder blade sternum = breastbone ASTHMA lung disease associated with tightening of air passages, making breathing difficult <> METABOLIZE process of breaking down substances in the cells to obtain energy It holds the main meaning of the term. In case of a double element, e.g., two prefixes, the prefixes are interpreted as equal, coordinated attributes. PROTOCOL plan of study Once you know what components constitute them, you can figure out what they mean. MYALGIA muscle aches In addition to acronyms, trade names, and eponyms, contemporary medical language employs the corpus of Greek and Latin terminology, which has shaped the medical, and overall scientific, writing for the past 2,000 years. CONTROLLED TRIAL research study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard (control) treatment or procedure CONGENITAL present before birth In the world of electronic health records (EHRs), terminology is one of the keys to true interoperability between systems and integrating data. Medical schools all over Europe followed suit, uniformly using the amalgam of Greek and Latin terminology. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM electrical tracing of the heartbeat (ECG or EKG) Give one example from the scenario of inappropriate use of terminology. ADJUVANT TREATMENT added treatment (usually to a standard treatment) After a small group of Italian doctors formed an influential medical school in Salerno (Italy) in the Middle Ages, they revived and celebrated the teachings of Greek physicians such as Hippocrates and Galen. STOMATITIS mouth sores, inflammation of the mouth LIPID PROFILE (PANEL) fat and cholesterol levels in the blood PRENATAL before birth Multiple select question. ALLERGIC REACTION rash, hives, swelling, trouble breathing Examples: The eye is lateral to the nose. HYPOKALEMIA low blood potassium level Integral to billing medical services and procedures for reimbursement, CPT is the language spoken between providers and payers.. Current Procedural Terminology, more commonly known as CPT , refers to a set of medical codes used by physicians, allied health professionals, nonphysician practitioners, hospitals, outpatient facilities, and laboratories to describe the procedures and services . ONCOLOGY the study of tumors or cancer In fact, almost a half of our medical terminology, although based on Greek and Latin, is less than one-century-old. Serious. Various grammatical suffixes denoting pertaining to. HERITABLE DISEASE disease that can be transmitted to ones offspring, resulting in damage to future children DIASTOLIC lower number in a blood pressure reading In fact, the essential part of such a medical term is called the combining form, which is the sum of the terms root and a combining vowel that links the root to the terms another root or suffix. Wholesaler: In a simple distribution system, the wholesaler is the first purchaser of a drug product direct from the manufacturer.Wholesalers buy very large quantities and then resell either direct to provider-purchasers (like a large health system, pharmacy or pharmacy chain), or resell to smaller, regional distributors for regional or local distribution to retail pharmacies and hospitals. Long before English became the, Romans happily inherited Greeks treasure-trove of medical knowledge, which they carefully preserved through translation into Latin and propagated among their numerous vassals. Table 1 below shows some words for organs or parts of human body in Greek paired with the common medical conditions and human organs in plain English: Table 1. Healthcare terminology is important for three key reasons: First, it enables medical specialists to communicate seamlessly with one another. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v6.0 NCI has set Fall 2022 as the anticipated publication date for the next version of CTCAE (version 6.0). ADVERSE EFFECT side effect, bad reaction, unwanted response Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the treatments they prescribe. and non-fiction (popular science publications, news, etc.) These findings have implications for many areas, including medical communication with the public, corporate advertising and public policy.. TOXICITY side effects or undesirable effects of a drug or treatment The terminology is spoken and written in Focal Onset: The term focal seizure has been used for years, but the lay public and many professionals still use the term partial seizures. Anterior: In front of, front Posterior: After, behind, following, toward the rear Distal: Away from, farther from the origin Proximal: Near, closer to the origin Dorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the back Ventral: Toward the bottom, toward the belly Superior: Above, over Inferior: Below, under Lateral: Toward the side, away from the mid-line Medial: Toward . A simple switch in terminology can result in a real bias in perception, says Meredith Young, one of the studys authors and a graduate student at McMaster University. It is the basis for all that you will do. 0000002301 00000 n The combining vowel is so often used to glue either roots or roots to suffixes that it is routinely presented as a combining form = combining vowel + root. ). POTENTIATE increase or multiply the effect of a drug or toxin (poison) by giving another drug or toxin at the same time (sometimes an unintentional result) MedTerms online medical dictionary provides quick access to hard-to-spell and often misspelled medical definitions through an extensive alphabetical listing. CATHETER a tube placed near the spinal cord and used for anesthesia (indwelling epidural) during surgery endstream endobj 44 0 obj <> endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 47 0 obj <> endobj 48 0 obj <> endobj 49 0 obj [/ICCBased 61 0 R] endobj 50 0 obj <> endobj 51 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 53 0 obj <>stream 43 0 obj <> endobj You may have noticed that directional terms are always communicating a position or direction relative to something else. Organs or parts of human body associated with adjectival and noun terms. The nose is medial to the ears. INTERIOR inside of the body MI myocardial infarction, heart attack Examtopics Contributor Access, Medical professionals must be able to rephrase the difficult terms or explain them to their patients using a lay or plain language. As mentioned before, Greek doctors were particularly skillful diagnosticians. PHLEBITIS irritation or inflammation of the vein For example, you can define Medical, Dental, Vision, Group Term Life, Long Term Disability, and Short Term Disability benefit coverage types. Medical terminology is a language used to precisely describe the human body including all its components, processes, conditions affecting it, and procedures performed upon it. Medical terminology is the language used to describe components and processes of the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and pharmacology. Nevertheless scientific data regarding the actual degree of comprehension of medical terminology on the part of lay users are scanty. You have come to the right spot! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Balance billing is the practice of a provider billing you for all charges not paid by your insurance plan, even if those charges are above the plan's usual, customary and reasonable (UCR) charges or are considered medically unnecessary. MONITOR check on; keep track of; watch carefully A huge medical encyclopedia called De Medicina (About Medicine), written by Roman nobleman Cornelius Celsus, recorded all that was then known about Greek and Roman medicine. 600 Newton Rd Willis, Marjorie Canfield. Hn0EY:@ME4 NEcne_zT0@\!gO-yoZpFMa% The majority of medical terms are based in the Latin or Greek language. Medical writing may be presented in any of these styles; however, the most common ones are technical (pharmaceutical reports, data sheets, medical device manuals, etc. Simply put, the difference between CPT codes and ICD codes are that CPT codes are related to procedures and ICD codes are related to diagnoses. INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG (IND) a new drug that has not been approved by the FDA Medical Terminology refers to the vocabulary that medical professionals use to describe the bodywhat it does, diseases that impact it, and procedures to correct it enabling precise communication among practitioners. Kh2 Xigbar Reddit, 0000004234 00000 n F-K*%Y\ Glucose test: A test to discover the quantity of a particular type of sugar in the bloodstream. CPAP Mask - CPAP masks are used with a CPAP machine to deliver continuous air pressure. It depends. POTENTIAL possible PULMONARY pertaining to the lungs, QD every day; daily Mtg Proxy For Telegram, However, when they need to speak to real English-speaking patients they dont have the correct words! by | Jun 10, 2022 | tropico 6 dlc, festival | haiti harrison death 2015 | Jun 10, 2022 | tropico 6 dlc, festival | haiti harrison death 2015 Like all languages, medical terminology has changed over time. 0000001375 00000 n REGENERATION re-growth of a structure or of lost tissue On the other hand, every profession has to learn how to communicate with outsiders: people from other professions, government officials, and ordinary folks (e.g., patients, readers of popular scientific publications, audience of medical shows, etc.). ACIDOSIS condition when blood contains more acid than normal IMPAIRED FUNCTION abnormal function We have edited this list. EEG electric brain wave tracing (electroencephalogram) b. : the nature of a fiber rope as determined by the amount of twist, the angle of the strands, and the angle of the threads in the strands. Check out this list of medical terminology and the lay (i.e. "Intended purpose" is defined in Article 1 paragraph 2 (g), as follows. PROPHYLAXIS a drug given to prevent disease or infection So, it should come as no surprise that Greek doctors particularly excelled at diagnosticsthe field that, no doubt, benefits from ones imaginative depth and penchant for figurative thinking. 4) Its plural form is spelled septa. In this 2017 Classification, focal seizures will replace partial seizures and refer to those that start in an area or network on one side of the brain. The greatest Arab physician was Ibn Sn, or Avicenna (10th11th century), as he was called in Latin. The confusion between the two words is largely due to the fact that lay is also the irregular past tense form of this sense of lie, as in I lay in bed yesterday morning wishing I could go back to sleep. On the other hand, building a medical word that means enlargement of the stomach requires knowledge of the word element for stomach (gastr or gastr (o)) and the sux for enlargement (-megaly). destiny item manager god roll. While some patients may have a comprehensive medical vocabulary, most likely do not. Dene the rst part of the word (which may be a word root, combining form, or prex). IDIOPATHIC of unknown cause BRADYCARDIA slow heartbeat VERTICAL TRANSMISSION spread of disease. This is particularly important when you have lots of conditions that have recently become medicalized, some of them possibly through the influence of pharmaceutical companies, who want to make you think that you have a disease that will need to be treated with a drug..

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